PCTE Industrial

  Hardness tests assess the resistance a raw material subject to permanent deformation by penetration of another hard material. It evaluates the material properties, such as strength, ductility and provide useful information to the users whether a material or material treatment is suitable for the purpose required. From a manufacturing or maintenance viewpoint, hardness is of great importance given the fact that resistance to deterioration through the medium of friction or erosion (by water vapour, greasy liquid, and water) escalate with hardness. Hardness is generally calculated using three fundamental categories of hardness estimations, scratch, indentation, and rebound. Inside each hardness estimation type, there are customized measurement scales. Indentation hardness calculates the resistance of a specimen (of a raw material) to permanent material distortion owing to a continuous compression load from a sharpened item. In a Rockwell hardness test , the hardness of the raw m

  While testing the material's, hardness will not give any direct measurement on the performance-related characteristics. It provides important clues about the wear resistance, strength, and other properties. The  Rockwell hardness test   method is one of the most common and general methods used for testing the bulk hardness of metals and polymers substances and materials. The method is quite simple to use and is also quite affordable for measuring the properties of materials directly. The Rockwell scale is based on the indentation hardness (the hardness to deformation) of a material. The test involves measurement of the penetration depth of a given intender under a significant/large load and a minor load. The depth of the indentation measured is converted to a value on the Rockwell Hardness Scale. The Rockwell Conversion Charts are used to find out the corresponding hardness and its measurement. Benefits of the Rockwell Hardness Test Rockwell hardness test  is a common and aff

The underlying principle in most generators and electric motors would be magnetism. This is the force that is responsible for managing a wide range of eddy current instruments too. Eddy current is useful because it can cover large surface areas within a short time. It is identified as one of the quickest ways of measuring thicknesses, and even the impact heat has on various equipment. Also,  eddy current testing doesn’t need any coupling liquids. This makes it easy to use eddy current for checking conductivity and hardness in metals. However, it is important to note that the use of eddy current testing   is limited to materials that can conduct electric energy. Thus, this form of testing cannot be used on liquids.  In some interesting situations, ultrasonic testing is executed with the help of an eddy current. Both of these methods complement one another. The ability of ultrasonic waves to penetrate deep surfaces, and the quick surface testing property of eddy currents - makes it ea

Ultrasonic sensors have evolved drastically in the past few years. Today, these devices are used in a range of applications like measuring the distance between two objects. The sensor works with the help of ultrasonic sound waves. The sound waves are carefully converted into electrical energy. When compared to audible sound waves, UV waves tend to travel at a faster pace. This means human ears are not capable of hearing these sounds. An ultrasonic sensor has two important components, the receiver and the transmitter. The transmitter controls the amount of sound that is emitted by the piezoelectric crystals. While, the receiver encounters the sound which is transmitted towards the target. To compute the distance between the source and target object, the time required for the sound to reach is utilized. The total time required is nothing but two times the distance, divided by the speed of sound (343 meters/second).  Now, here are a few interesting facts about the ultrasonic sensor.  1.

  Asset integrity is a critical area of concern in industrial applications and factories. Two main factors that contribute towards compromising the reliability and the integrity of assets are – heat and chemical reactions. Heat exchangers start to deteriorate after a while as the expansion and contraction of the tubes inside the heat exchanger start to erode them. Also, these tubes rest against steel support plates, and after some time, through the passage of fluids at high speed through the tubes, there is circumferential cracking in the tubes. These result in the wear down of the asset. Similarly, chemical reactions can damage the tubes and the support plates, creating holes through the tubes.  Eddy current testing  is one of the commonly used non-destructive testing methods included in asset integrity management programs. Reasons for using this testing method are many:  - It is a fast method with instant results - Eddy current testing is a cheap and affordable method - It is extreme

Asset integrity is a critical area of concern in industrial applications and factories. Two main factors that contribute towards compromising the reliability and the integrity of assets are – heat and chemical reactions. Heat exchangers start to deteriorate after a while as the expansion and contraction of the tubes inside the heat exchanger start to erode them. Also, these tubes rest against steel support plates, and after some time, through the passage of fluids at high speed through the tubes, there is circumferential cracking in the tubes. These result in the wear down of the asset. Similarly, chemical reactions can damage the tubes and the support plates, creating holes through the tubes.  Eddy current testing  is one of the commonly used non-destructive testing methods included in asset integrity management programs. Reasons for using this testing method are many:  - It is a fast method with instant results - Eddy current testing is a cheap and affordable method - It is extremely

Ultrasonic testing is a non-destructive testing method that is used commonly for -        Detecting cracks, defects and faults in a test piece; -        Measuring the dimensions of a test piece; -        Understanding the nature or character of a material; How is the test carried out? The testing unit or system consists of a receiver, transducer, and a display unit. The receiver or pulse is the unit that produces electrical pulses. The transducer then produces ultrasonic energy in high frequency. This sound energy or wave passes through the test piece. If the material has no-fault, it will behave as a standard piece – however, when there is a crack, fault, or break in between, the wave is intercepted by this fault line from where the wave reflects. This reflected wave or echo is then converted by the transducer into an electrical signal. This electrical signal gets displayed on the screen. The duration or period from wave generation to the echo is now displayed on the sc